Q: What is the blood-brain barrier?
A: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized system of capillary cells that determines which substances in the blood stream may pass into the brain. The BBB protects the brain from harmful substances. However, this barrier also presents a rate-limiting factor for the passing through of therapeutic drugs and beneficial nutrients into the brain.
Q: How does aging affect the canine brain?
A: Age-related changes that occur in the canine brain can result in cell death or damage, reduced chemical signaling, and increased oxidative damage. The overall effect is deterioration of a dog's cognitive functioning - any mental activity related to thinking, memory, learning, or perception.
Q: What are the behavioral signs of cognitive decline?
A: According to 48% of owners, dogs that are 8-years of age or older display at least one sign of cognitive dysfunction. Behavioral changes associated with age-related cognitive decline include: 1) regressions in house training, orientation, and social interaction, 2) changes in sleeping and eating patterns, 3) fear or anxiety not previously exhibited, 4) increased or repetitive activity or vocalization, 5) decreased responsiveness to known commands and activities.
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