10 of the Rarest Dog Breeds
Photo by Chewy
From ancient hunters to near-extinct survivors, rare dog breeds offer a fascinating look into canine history. Bred for everything from scaling rocky cliffs to guarding livestock, these dogs stand out for far more than their scarcity.
Here’s a closer look at some of the rarest dogs on earth and the traits that make them unforgettable.
Key Takeaways
- Rare dog breeds are prized not only for their scarcity, but also for their rich histories and specialized roles, from puffin hunting to livestock guarding.
- The Norwegian Lundehund is often considered the rarest dog in the world, with only an estimated 1,500–2,500 in existence globally.
- Many uncommon dog breeds, such as the Chinook and Cesky Terrier, nearly disappeared before dedicated breeding efforts helped preserve them.
- Rare breeds like the Azawakh, Belgian Laekenois, and Sloughi stand out for their unique appearances, athletic abilities, and strong working instincts.
- While these rare breeds can make loyal and fascinating companions, many require experienced owners, consistent training, and plenty of physical and mental activity.
1. Norwegian Lundehund
- Size: Small
- Lifespan: 12–15 years
- Temperament: Fearless, loyal, sweet
The Norwegian Lundehund is a distinctive Spitz dog from Norway, originally bred to hunt puffins along steep coastal cliffs. Today, they’re agile, loyal companions with a playful streak.
Often cited as the rarest dog in the world, there are only an estimated 1,500–2,500 Norwegian Lundehunds worldwide, and only around 100 in North America.
2. Sloughi
- Size: Medium
- Lifespan: 10–15 years
- Temperament: Intelligent, sensitive, gentle
Also known as the Arabian Greyhound, the Sloughi is an ancient breed hailing from North Africa, where they were bred to hunt desert game such as hares, foxes, and wild pigs.
Today’s Sloughis retain their lean, athletic build and signature grace. They’re known for their large, pensive eyes and swift, graceful movements.
Sloughis are one of the rarest dog breeds. As of 2023, there were an estimated 150 or fewer in the U.S., according to the American Sloughi Association.
3. Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen
- Size: Medium
- Lifespan: 13–15 years
- Temperament: Cheerful, active, stubborn
The Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen is a cheerful French scent hound known for their tousled coat, long body, and big personality.
Originally bred to track hare in packs, these dogs are persistent and social. They love company but can be a bit headstrong, making experienced owners a plus.
Despite their charm, they’re one of the most uncommon breeds of dogs outside France, with just a few hundred registered through the American Kennel Club.
4. Harrier
- Size: Medium
- Lifespan: 12–15 years
- Temperament: Social, playful, energetic
Often described as a smaller English Foxhound, the Harrier is a sociable pack dog bred for hunting hare. They thrive on activity and companionship, so they do well with other dogs and enjoy lots of playtime with their people.
Despite their easygoing, affectionate nature, Harriers are one of the least-registered hound breeds due to the limited number of dedicated breeders.
5. Chinook
- Size: Large
- Lifespan: 12–15 years
- Temperament: Calm, gentle, eager to please
The Chinook is an American sled dog known for their strength and soft, people-oriented temperament.
Developed in New Hampshire, Chinooks were bred for both hauling and companionship. They are highly adaptable, and are especially great with young children and families.
Their population once dropped to near extinction, and while recovery efforts helped, they remain a rare dog breed.
6. Cesky Terrier
- Size: Small
- Lifespan: 12–15 years
- Temperament: Adventurous, warm, hardworking
Cesky Terriers come from the Czech Republic, where they are the national dog. These small, muscular hunters are sweet and social with both kids and adults, and are more laid-back than the typical terrier dog breed.
The Cesky Terrier is an excellent family dog, but with an estimated 600 in the U.S., this breed remains one of the rarest in the country.
7. Belgian Laekenois
- Size: Medium
- Lifespan: 10–12 years
- Temperament: Active, sensitive, loyal
As the rarest of the four Belgian shepherd breeds, the Belgian Laekenois (pronounced “Lack-en-wah”) is seldom seen in the U.S., with only an estimated 200 living in the country.
Historically used for herding and guarding, they’re a highly trainable breed that requires lots of daily exercise. Some of their go-to activities include agility trials, weekend hikes, and playing fetch in the backyard.
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The Belgian Laekenois is distinguished by their disheveled coat and alert eyes. They’re devoted to their family and make for a loyal, attentive companion.
8. Azawakh
- Size: Medium
- Lifespan: 12–15 years
- Temperament: Loving, independent, smart
The Azawakh is a striking West African sight hound prized for elegance and speed.
For centuries, they have worked as guardians and hunters for nomadic tribes. Their lean, athletic build allows them to run up to 40 miles per hour, so they are great candidates for agility competitions and lure coursing.
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Although the Azawakh has been bred for centuries, these dogs did not make their U.S. debut until the 1980s and are still one of the rarest and most unique dog breeds in the country.
9. Finnish Spitz
- Size: Small
- Lifespan: 13–15 years
- Temperament: Affectionate, energetic, talkative
Known as Finland’s national dog, the Finnish Spitz is recognized for their red fur, foxlike appearance, and distinctive barking that’s used to locate game birds. They’re spirited and smart, and they require lots of training and regular engagement from dedicated pet parents.
Despite their popularity in Finland, the Finnish Spitz is rare elsewhere—including in the U.S.—due to limited breeding programs.
10. Canaan Dog
- Size: Medium
- Lifespan: 12–15 years
- Temperament: Whip-smart, watchful, clever
The ancient Canaan Dog hails from the Middle East, descending from the guardian dogs of shepherds. They are smart, confident, and best for pet parents who have plenty of experience in dog training.
Canaan Dogs have erect ears and bushy tails, and their coats can come in various colors and patterns. Their rarity comes from a limited breeding population and their independent, wary temperament, which requires experienced ownership and careful socialization.
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