American Cocker Spaniel vs. English Cocker Spaniel

Spaniels as a whole have existed for centuries—since at least the 1300s, according to the English Cocker Spaniel Club of America (ECSCA). They were bred to flush and retrieve game, primarily birds.

Cocker Spaniels were largely developed in the U.K. throughout the 1800s and early 1900s. English breeders prioritized field ability, stamina, and a slightly larger, more athletic build.

Across the pond, Americans began breeding dogs for traits better suited to companionship rather than field work. In 1946, the American Kennel Club recognized American and English Cocker Spaniels as separate breeds. 

So, Cocker Spaniels and American Cocker Spaniels are the same breed. The English Cocker Spaniel is a related, but separate, pup.

Cocker Spaniels and English Cocker Spaniels look remarkably similar. But when you put the pups side by side, the differences are easier to spot.

Cocker Spaniels are the smaller of the two. They typically stand about 13.5–15.5 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh around 20–30 pounds. Their bodies are compact, with a refined, almost toy-like silhouette.

English Cocker Spaniels are a bit bigger, usually standing 15–17 inches tall and weighing about 26–34 pounds. They have longer legs and a more balanced, sturdy frame suited for active work.

One of the most obvious visual differences between the breeds is head shape:

• Cocker Spaniels have a rounded skull with a shorter muzzle.
• English Cocker Spaniels have a flatter skull and longer muzzle.

While American Cocker Spaniels were bred to be companions, and English Cocker Spaniels were primarily developed as hunting companions, the dogs still have a lot in common. 

They’re both known for being affectionate, people-oriented family dogs who enjoy exercise and play. They are also both smart, active, and eager to make their humans happy. Cockers do well with children and can live well with other pets, too, especially when well-socialized and with proper introductions. 

They’re also friendly dogs; in fact, the breed standards for both describe them as “merry.” 

Though they look cute and cuddly (and they are!), both types of Cocker Spaniels are also canine athletes who need at least 30–45 minutes of exercise every day. 

They’ll love outdoorsy activities like walking, hiking, and playing fetch. Just make sure they’re always on a leash or inside a safe, fenced area. Otherwise, they might take off after a bird.  

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise, especially for bright dogs like Cockers. Give them puzzle toys, play engaging games with them, and let them put their sense of smell to good use through scent walks and nose work.

Once they’ve exhausted all their energy, both breeds will love curling up on the couch with their humans.

American and English Cocker Spaniels have similar feathered coats, although the American’s fur tends to be a little longer and thicker. Their fringe is cute, but it can easily tangle and mat without proper care. 

Both breeds need to be brushed several times a week—if not every day—to stay tidy. Pay special attention to their feathering and the fur around their ears. Use a comb to gently work out tangles and a pin brush or slicker brush to control shedding.  

Your dog will also need a bath every month or two. Always use a gentle, dog-friendly shampoo while bathing, and use an ear cleaner that contains a drying agent after bathtime to keep your Cocker’s ears clean and help prevent infections. 

Many Cocker Spaniel pet parents take their dog to a professional groomer for routine bathing and trims. Groomers can also help with nail trims, or you can do this yourself at home. 

The average Cocker Spaniel lifespan is 10–14 years, while an English Cocker Spaniel’s life expectancy is around 12–14 years. 

American Cocker Spaniels have a reputation for having more health problems than their English counterparts, but both breeds can be prone to certain conditions, including: 

• Ear infections: Both breeds have long, floppy ears that can trap moisture and bacteria, leading to infections. Your vet may recommend regular ear cleaning if your dog is prone to ear infections. Allergies can also make ear infection (and skin infections) more likely.
• Eye problems, like cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA): Both can reduce vision and lead to increased clumsiness or hesitancy to go outside. Talk to your vet if you have any concerns about your Cocker’s eyes.
• Joint problems, including hip dysplasia and luxating patella: These joint conditions can lead to pain and arthritis if left untreated. Take your pup to the vet if you notice limping or a change in their gait. Treatment varies from weight management, prescription medications, and joint supplements to surgery (for severe cases).

For both breeds, working with a reputable breeder or adopting from a knowledgeable rescue, keeping up with wellness visits, and discussing breed-specific health screenings with your veterinarian are proactive steps pet parents can take to keep their dog healthy. 

American Cocker Spaniels and English Cocker Spaniels are extremely similar, and the “best” pick comes down to your personal preference and finding the right individual for you. The most significant difference between the two breeds is their size, though the difference is typically less than 10 pounds.   

Both breeds are active, sporty, and cuddly companions. They’ll love to spend the day hiking alongside you and evenings snuggling on the couch.