Fish Oil for Dogs: What It Is, Benefits, and More

Fish oil comes with many health benefits for humans—but what about fish oil for dogs?

With the help of some experts, let’s go over the benefits of fish oil, how to feed give it to your pup, the possible side effects, and how to choose the best fish oil for dogs.

Fish oil is a common dietary supplement derived from the tissues of oily fish, such as salmon, mackerel, anchovies, and sardines. It’s rich in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are known for various health benefits in both humans and animals—dogs included!

When asked if fish oil is used for dogs, Dr. Joanne Fernandez-Lopez, director of veterinary affairs at ABCs Puppy Zs, tells us, “Yes, dogs can be supplemented with fish oil. In fact, veterinarians often recommend fish oil supplements for various canine health conditions.”

Dr. Fernandez-Lopez explains that the most common reasons for prescribing fish oil include:

• Dry and/or itchy skin
• Inflammation from arthritis and other joint problems
• Seasonal or acute allergies
• Overall brain support

Some key benefits of fish oil for dogs include:

• Reduced inflammation: It can help with conditions like arthritis, allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease.
• Improved skin and coat health: Omega-3s can reduce itching, dandruff, and hair loss while promoting a shiny coat.
• Enhanced cognitive function: This is particularly beneficial for older dogs, potentially improving memory and learning ability.
• Cardiovascular support: Can help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of abnormal heart rhythms.
• Joint health: Helps alleviate pain and stiffness associated with arthritis and other joint issues. Often works best when combined with traditional pain medications.
• Immune system support: Fish oils can boost the immune system, making dogs more resistant to illness or help fight off an infection such as a virus.

While fish oil is generally safe, it’s crucial to follow veterinary guidelines. Never exceed the recommended dosage.

“Excessive amounts of fish oil can cause gastrointestinal upset, blood clotting problems, and even affect the immune system negatively,” says Dr. Fernandez-Lopez. “Other side effects, particularly at high doses, include delayed wound healing, sleepiness, a fishy odor to the breath or skin, increased itchiness, or an oily coat and skin flakes.”

“Fish oils can be used in puppies, and they provide several health benefits, specifically brain development, immune system support, and overall growth,” says Dr. Amy Attas, founder of City Pets.

Some benefits of fish oil for puppies include:

• Brain development: DHA is crucial for cognitive function.
• Eye health: Omega-3s support retinal development.
• Immune system support: Can strengthen the developing immune system.
• Skin and coat health: Promotes a healthy, shiny coat from an early age.
• Anti-inflammatory effects: May help with minor inflammations or dermatitis.

While fish oil can be beneficial, it should be a supplement, not a substitute for proper nutrition. A balanced, age-appropriate diet is the foundation of puppy health.

Dr. Fernandez-Lopez cautions that it’s crucial to use the right dosage and consult with a veterinarian. “Overdosing can be more dangerous in their smaller, growing bodies. Puppies have different nutritional requirements than adult dogs, and many high-quality puppy foods already contain adequate amounts of omega-3 fatty acids.”

“Fish oils have their effects on dogs on a cellular level,” Dr. Attas explains. “They modify cell membranes, inflammatory pathways, and gene expressions in order to support cardiovascular, neurological, and immune functions.”

The time frame for seeing results from fish oil can vary, depending upon the condition being addressed and the individual dog. “The omega-3 fatty acids need to be incorporated into cell membranes and shift the balance of inflammatory mediators,” says Dr. Attas. In other words, it needs to fully kick in before you start seeing any changes.

Dr. Fernandez-Lopez also explains that consistency is key. “Fish oil needs to be given regularly over time to see and maintain its benefits.”

Some effects, like improved skin condition, may be noticeable within a few weeks, while others, such as joint health improvements, might take several months.

While fish oil is generally safe for dogs, it’s important for pet parents to be aware of potential side effects.

“Any supplement, even natural ones like fish oil, can have side effects. It’s crucial to be informed and vigilant,” Dr. Attas says.

Potential side effects of fish oil in dogs include:

• Fishy odor or breath
• Gastrointestinal upset, particularly loose stools and gas
• Increased risk of bleeding, as fish oils can affect platelet function
• Decreased vitamin D, if too much is given
• Weight gain, as fish oils are high in calories
• Pancreatitis, as fish oil is very high in fat (especially in dogs with a history of this condition)

Accidents happen, and a dog might consume more fish oil than intended. Knowing how to respond in such situations is crucial for pet parents.

“Although acute toxicity from fish oil is rare, consuming more than three times the recommended dose could potentially lead to serious side effects,” Dr. Fernandez-Lopez says. “Chronic overdosing, even at lower levels, can also be problematic over time.”

Call a vet or the pet poison control if:

• Your dog has consumed a very large amount (several times the normal dose)
• Your dog shows signs of distress, such as excessive vomiting, diarrhea, or lethargy
• Your dog has a pre-existing condition that might be affected by fish oil overconsumption (e.g. blood clotting disorders, liver disease, chronic GI upset)
• You’re unsure of the amount consumed or the quality of the product

Even if your dog seems fine, it’s best to consult with a veterinarian. They can guide you on what to watch for and whether immediate care is needed.

While fish oil can offer numerous benefits for dogs, Dr. Attas and Dr. Fernandez-Lopez remind us that it’s crucial to use it responsibly. Always consult with your veterinarian before starting any new supplement and follow the recommended dosages.

Can you give a dog human fish oil?

It’s best to give your dog fish oil specifically formulated for dogs. Human-grade fish oil supplements sometimes contain extra ingredients that can be toxic to dogs, like xylitol or added flavoring. Look for naturally derived, pet-specific fish oil with the National Animal Supplement Council (NASC) seal to ensure its safety and efficacy. And when in doubt, reach out to your veterinarian for suggestions on brands or products.

How long does it take for my dog to see the benefits of fish oil?

It typically takes several weeks for the anti-inflammatory benefits of fish oil to become noticeable, but this can vary depending on your reason for feeding it.

Dogs with arthritis, allergies, or other inflammatory conditions might start showing improvements in joint pain, mobility, or skin condition after a month or more. Be sure to feed it consistently to see the best results.

Does omega-3 help dogs with itchy skin?

Omega-3s can promote a healthy, shiny coat while reducing itchy skin, dandruff, and hair loss.

However, if your dog has any allergies to fish oil, they can end up with increased itchiness, or an oily coat and skin flakes. It’s best to work with a veterinarian to get to the root cause of your dog’s itching and ask about fish oil as an added supplement.